Skip to main content

Various Protection Schemes in SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) employs various protection schemes to enhance network reliability and fault tolerance. Some common protection schemes in SDH include:


1. 1+1 Protection:

   - Involves two identical fiber paths.

   - One path carries the active traffic, while the other remains on standby.

   - If a fault occurs on the active path, traffic is rapidly switched to the standby path.


2. 1:1 Protection:

   - Similar to 1+1 protection but with the standby path actively carrying the traffic in addition to the active path.

   - Provides immediate switchover in case of a fault.


3. Multiplex Section Protection (MSP):

   - Protects entire STM-N signals.

   - Involves working and protection paths, with a switch at the multiplex section level.


4. Subnetwork Connection Protection (SNCP):

   - Provides protection for individual tributary signals (VC-4, VC-12, etc.).

   - Working and protection paths are established for each tributary signal.


5. Bidirectional Line Switching Ring (BLSR):

   - Utilizes a bidirectional ring topology.

   - Signals can travel in both directions around the ring.

   - If a fault occurs, traffic is rerouted in the opposite direction.


6. Unidirectional Path Switched Ring (UPSR):

   - Employs a unidirectional ring with traffic flowing in only one direction.

   - If a fault occurs, traffic is switched to the protection path in the same direction.


These protection schemes enhance network reliability by minimizing service disruption in the event of a failure, ensuring continuity of communication services in SDH networks. The choice of a specific protection scheme depends on factors such as network topology, cost considerations, and desired level of protection.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Interview Questions of SDH with answers

 Certainly! Here are some SDH interview questions along with brief answers: 1. What is SDH, and how does it differ from SONET?    - Answer : SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standardized protocol for synchronous data transmission over optical fibers. It is similar to SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking), with SDH being widely used in international networks, while SONET is common in North America. 2. Explain the concept of multiplexing in SDH.    - Answer : Multiplexing in SDH involves combining multiple lower-rate signals into a higher-rate signal for more efficient transmission. It uses containers like VC-12, VC-3, and VC-4 for this purpose. 3. What is the significance of the STM-1 level in SDH?    - Answer : STM-1 is the basic building block of SDH, representing a 155.52 Mbps capacity. Higher STM levels (STM-4, STM-16, etc.) indicate increased capacities. 4. How does SDH ensure synchronization in a network?    - Answer : SDH uses ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Optical Spectrum

Optical Spectrum  The optical spectrum refers to the range of electromagnetic radiation. The broader optical spectrum includes: 1. Ultraviolet (UV) Light: This is light with shorter wavelengths than visible light, ranging from approximately 10 nm to 400 nm. UV radiation is not visible to the human eye but can have effects like tanning or sunburns. 2. Visible Light: This is the range of wavelengths that the human eye can detect, ranging from about 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). 3. Infrared (IR) Light: This part of the spectrum lies just beyond visible light, with wavelengths from about 700 nm to 1675 nm. Note : Spectral bands for optical transmission systems located between 850-1675 nm.  👉 Six Wavelength bands in Spectral band 1) O - Original band (1260-1360 nm) 2) E - Extended band (1360-1460 nm) 3) S - Short band (1460-1530 nm) 4) C - Conventional band (1530-1565 nm) 5) L - Long band (1565-1625 nm) 6) U- Ultra Long band (1625-1675 nm)
Post a Comment
Read more

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a technology used in fiber-optic communications to transmit multiple signals over a single optical fiber simultaneously. Here's a brief overview of how WDM works: 1. Wavelengths (Colors) of Light: WDM takes advantage of the fact that different wavelengths (colors) of light can be transmitted independently without interfering with each other. Each wavelength carries a separate data stream. 2. Multiplexing: In WDM, multiple signals, each operating at a distinct wavelength, are combined (multiplexed) onto a single optical fiber. This is typically achieved using a WDM multiplexer. 3. Transmission and Reception: The multiplexed signals are transmitted over the optical fiber to the receiving end. 4. Demultiplexing: At the receiving end, a WDM demultiplexer separates the different wavelengths back into individual signals. WDM comes in two main forms: - Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM): CWDM uses fewer wavelengths (typically up to 1...
Post a Comment
Read more